General technical data for cables

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Details of:

  • Ladder superstructures
  • Dimensioning of copper wires and strands
  • Cu wire dimensions according to QQ-W 343
  • Color code for test leads
  • Color abbreviation
  • Properties of insulation and sheathing materials
  • Abbreviation for harmonized cables
  • Abbreviations for insulating and sheathing materials
  • Conversion of British and American mass and units
  • Useful conversion factors
  • Temperature conversion table Celsius/Fahrenheit
  • Current carrying capacity
  • Heat resistance classes
  • Continuous temperatures for conductors and materials for Teflon cables in accordance with VDE
Art.-Nr.

Ladder superstructures

 

according to DIN VDE 0295 class 1
Single-wire conductors for single- and multi-core cables and wires
Nominal cross-section
[mm-²]		 Conductor resistance at 20 °C Maximum value
Copper round conductor
bare

 

[Ohm/km]

 metal-coated [Ohm/km]
0,5 36,0 36,7
0,75 24,5 24,8
1 18,1 18,2
1,5 12,1 12,2
2,5 7,41 7,56
4 4,61 4,70
6 3,08 3,11
10 1,83 1,84
16 1,15 1,16
25 0,727 1)
35 0,524 1)
50 0,387 1)
70 0,2681)
95 0,193 1)
120 153 1)
150 124 1)
185
240
300
0,5 36,0 36,7
0,75 24,5 24,8
  1. for mineralized pipes
according to DIN VDE 0295 class 2
Stranded conductors for single and multi-core cables and wires
Nominal cross-section [mm²] Minimum number of individual wires in the conductor Conductor resistance at 20 °C Maximum value
Round copper conductor compacted round copper conductor copper conductor
bare

 

[Ohm/km]

 metal-coated [Ohm/km
0,5 7 —– 36,0 36,7
0,75 7 —– 24,5 24,8
1 7 —– 18,1 18,2
1,5 7 6 12,1 12,2
2,5 7 6 7,41 7,56
4 7 6 4,61 4,70
6 7 6 3,08 3,11
10 7 6 1,83 1,84
16 7 6 1,15 1,16
25 7 6 0,727 0,734
35 7 6 0,524 0,529
50 19 6 0,387 0,391
70 19 12 0,268 0,270
95 19 15 0,193 0,195
120 37 18 0,153 0,154
150 37 18 0,124 0,126
185 37 30 0,0991 0,100
240 61 34 0,0754 0,0762
300 61 34 0,0601 0,0607
400 61 53 0,0470 0,0475

 

according to DIN VDE 0295 class 5 and 6

Class 5+6:

Fine-stranded copper conductors for single and multi-core cables

 

Nominal cross-section [mm²] Largest diameter of the individual wires [mm]

(class 5)

 Largest diameter of the individual wires [mm]

(class 6)

 Conductor resistance at 20 °C maximum value
bare single wires [Ohm/km] metal-coated single wires [Ohm/km]
0,5 0,21 0,16 39,0 40,1
0,75 0,21 0,16 26,0 26,7
1 0,21 0,16 19,5 20,0
1,5 0,26 0,16 13,3 13,7
2,5 0,26 0,16 7,98 8,21
4 0,31 0,16 4,95 5,09
6 0,31 0,21 3,30 3,39
10 0,41 0,21 1,91 1,95
16 0,41 0,21 1,21 1,24
25 0,41 0,21 0,780 0,795
35 0,41 0,21 0,554 0,565
50 0,41 0,31 0,386 0,393
70 0,51 0,31 0,272 0,277
95 0,51 0,31 0,206 0,210
120 0,51 0,31 0,161 0,164
150 0,51 0,31 0,129 0,132
185 0,51 0,41 0,106 0,108
240 0,51 0,41 0,0801 0,0817
300 0,51 0,41 0,0641 0,0654

 

 

according to US standards

AWG Cross section Conductor structure Conductor resistance at 20 ˚C max. [Ohm/km]
tin-plated silver-plated nickel-plated
32 0,034 7 x 0,079 620 567 607
30 0,057 7 x 0,102 374 330 363
28 0,089 7 x 0,127 225 209 223
26 0,141 7 x 0,160 142 133 141
26 0,155 19 x 0,102 135 126 138
24 0,227 7 x 0,203 88,6 82,7 86,9
24 0,241 19 x 0,127 85,9 79,7 84,9
22 0,355 7 x 0,254 56,1 52,1 54,4
22 0,382 19 x 0,160 53,1 49,5 52,5
20 0,563 7 x 0,320 35,1 32,8 34,1
20 0,616 19 x 0,203 32,4 30,1 32,0
18 0,897 7 x 0,404 21,9 20,6 21,3
18 0,963 19 x 0,254 20,4 19,0 20,0
16 1,229 19 x 0,287 15,7 14,8 15,6
14 1,941 19 x 0,361 10,03 9,44 9,84
12 3,085 19 x 0,455 6,29 5,94 6,17
10 4,743 37 x 0,404 4,13 3,90 4,07
8 8,604 133 x 0,287 2,30 2,16 2,28
6 13,613 133 x 0,361 1,45 1,37 1,43
4 21,153 133 x 0,450 0,918 0,865 0,902
2 33,696 665 x 0,254 0,600 0,557 0,580
1 41,398 817 x 0,254 0,488 0,455 0,472
0 52,951 1045 x 0,254 0,380 0,354 0,370
00 67,392 1330 x 0,254 0,298 0,278 0,291
0000 106,865 2109 x 0,254 0,183 0,177 0,183

 

 

Dimensioning of copper wires and strands

Inch = inch, 1 inch = 25.4 mm The specifications apply to solid wires and stranded wires made of soft annealed copper wire, conductors with surface treatment (e.g. silver-plated, nickel-plated) have slightly different diameters and weights,

 

AWG

Size

 Conductor construction Conductor diameter Cross section Weight Max. DC resistance at 20 °C
tin-plated copper silver-plated copper nickel-plated copper
[Inch] [mm] [Circ, Mills] [ mm2] [kg/km] [W/km] [W/km] [W/km]
40 wire .0031 0,08 10 0,005 0,04 4068 3773 4331
38 wire .004 0,10 15.7 0,008 0,07 2411 2237 2477
36 wire .005 0,13 25 0,01 0,11 1525 1411 1542
34 wire .0063 0,16 40 0,02 0,18 951 889 945
33 wire .0071 0,18 50 0,03 0,22 748 695 735
32 wire .008 0,20 63 0,03 0,28 584 554 574
7/40 .009 0,23 70 0,04 0,31 577 538 567
30 Wire .010 0,25 100 0,05 0,45 374 348 361
7/38 .012 0,30 110 0,06 0,50 348 321 354
29 Wire .0113 0,28 127 0,06 0,56 292 269 282
28 Wire .0126 0,32 160 0,08 0,71 230 207 226
7/36 .015 0,38 175 0,09 0,80 223 207 223
19/40 .015 0,38 190 0,10 0,86 213 197 216
27 Wire .0142 0,36 202 0,10 0,91 182 172 177
7/35 .017 0,54 221 0,11 1,01 183 171 184
26 Wire .016 0,41 254 0,13 1,14 146 137 141
7/34 .019 0,48 278 0,14 1,28 139 130 138
19/38 .020 0,51 304 0,15 1,37 127 119 131
25 wire .018 0,46 320 0,16 1,44 113 107 109
24 Wire .020 0,51 404 0,20 1,81 89 86 87
7/32 .024 0,61 441 0,22 2,04 87 81 85
19/36 .025 0,63 475 0,24 2,19 82 76 82
23 wire .0226 0,57 510 0,26 2,29 71 68 69
22 wire .025 0,63 642 0,32 2,90 56 54 54
7/30 .030 0,76 707 0,36 3,24 55 51 54
19/34 .032 0,81 760 0,38 3,47 51 48 51
21 wire .0285 0,72 812 0,41 3,64 45 43 43
19/33 .036 0,91 950 0,48 4,37 42 39 41
20 wire .032 0,81 1022 0,52 4,60 35 34 34
7/28 .038 0,96 1120 0,57 5,13 34 32 33
10/30 .039 0,99 1010 0,51 4,61 39 36 38
19/32 .040 1,02 1197 0,61 5,52 32 30 31
26/34 .039 0,99 1025 0,52 4,75 39 36 39
19 Wire .036 0,91 1290 0,65 5,80 28 27 27
18 Wire .040 1,02 1620 0,82 7,32 22 21 21
7/.0152 .0456 1,16 1620 0,82 7,47 24 22 23
7/26 .048 1,22 1778 0,90 8,17 22 20 21
16/30 .049 1,24 1616 0,82 7,39 25 23 24
19/30 .050 1,27 1909 0,97 8,78 20 19 20
41/34 .049 1,24 1630 0,82 7,48 25 23 24
16 wire .051 1,29 2580 1,31 11,6 14 13,4 13,5
7/.0192 .058 1,47 2580 1,31 11,8 15 14,0 14,4
19/29 .057 1,45 2413 1,22 11,0 16 14,9 15
26/30 .060 1,52 2626 1,33 12,0 15 13,9 14,5
65/34 .060 1,52 2600 1,32 11,9 16 14,5 15
15 wire .057 1,45 3260 1,65 14,7 11,0 10,7 10,8
14 7/.0242 .073 1,85 4100 2,08 19 9,15 8,82 –
19/27 .071 1,80 3838 1,94 18 10,0 9,41 9,68
19/.0147 .074 1,88 4106 2,08 18 9,35 8,79 –
41/30 .075 1,90 4141 2,10 19 9,45 8,82 9,15

 

 

Cu wire dimensions according to QQ-W 343

 

AWG sizes are also often used to describe the structure of stranded wires. In this case, the total cross-section is specified without taking into account the distances between individual cores. In the case of round cores, the distances take up approximately 10% of the total cross-section. For this reason, an approximately 5% larger cross-section must be selected for stranded wires than for wire. Conductor wire table for soft annealed copper wires

[t °C]

 

AWG

Size

 Wire diameter

[mm]

 cross section

[mm2]

 Resistance

[W/km]

 weight

[kg/km]
40 0,0787 0,00487 3543 0,0433
39 0,0889 0,00621 2779 0,0552
38 0,102 0,00813 2126 0,0720
37 0,114 0,0103 1680 0,0912
36 0,127 0,0126 1362 0,113
35 0,142 0,0159 1086 0,141
34 0,160 0,0201 856,3 0,178
33 0,180 0,0255 675,9 0,228
32 0,203 0,0325 531,5 0,289
31 0,226 0,0401 429,8 0,357
30 0,254 0,0506 341,2 0,451
29 0,287 0,0645 266,4 0,576
28 0,320 0,0807 214,2 0,716
27 0,361 0,102 168,6 0,908
26 0,404 0,128 134,5 1,138
25 0,455 0,163 106,3 1,443
24 0,511 0,205 84,32 1,815
23 0,574 0,259 66,60 2,307
22 0,643 0,325 53,15 2,887
21 0,724 0,412 41,99 3,661
20 0,813 0,519 33,14 4,613
19 0,912 0,652 26,41 5,804
18 1,024 0,826 20,96 7,321
17 1,151 1,039 16,57 9,241
16 1,290 1,309 13,19 11,62
15 1,450 1,652 10,43 14,69
14 1,628 2,084 8,268 18,45
13 1,829 2,626 6,562 23,36
12 2,052 3,309 5,217 29,46
11 2,304 4,168 4,134 37,05
10 2,588 5,262 3,277 46,77
9 2,906 6,633 2,600 58,96
8 3,264 8,368 2,061 74,38
7 3,665 10,55 1,634 93,80
6 4,115 13,30 1,297 11,82
5 4,620 16,77 1,028 149,0
4 5,189 21,15 0,8152 188,0
3 5,827 26,67 0,6466 237,1
2 6,543 33,62 0,5128 298,9
1 7,348 42,41 0,4065 377,0
0 8,252 53,49 0,3223 475,5
00 9,266 67,43 0,2557 599,5
000 10,40 85,01 0,2028 755,8
0000 11,68 107,2 0,1608 953,2

 

Color code for test leads

 

according to DIN VDE 47100

Wire no. Core colors Core no. Core colors Core no. Core colors
1 white 22 brown-blue 43 blue-black
2 brown 23 white-red 44 red-black
3 green 24 brown-red 45 white-brown-black
4 yellow 25 white-black 46 yellow-green-black
5 gray 26 brown-black 47 gray-pink-black
6 pink 27 gray-green 48 red-blue-black
7 blue 28 yellow-green 49 white-green-black
8 red 29 pink-green 50 brown-green-black
9 black 30 yellow-pink 51 white-yellow-black
10 violet 31 green-blue 52 yellow-brown-black
11 gray-pink 32 yellow-blue 53 white-grey-black
12 red-blue 33 green-red 54 gray-brown-black
13 white-green 34 yellow-red 55 white-pink-black
14 brown-green 35 green-black 56 pink-brown-black
15 white-yellow 36 yellow-black 57 white-blue-black
16 yellow-brown 37 gray-blue 58 brown-blue-black
17 white-grey 38 pink-blue 59 white-red-black
18 gray-brown 39 gray-red 60 brown-red-black
19 white-pink 40 pink-red 61 black-white
20 pink-brown 41 gray-black
21 white-blue 42 pink-black

 

 

Color abbreviation

 

according to DIN, IEC* and CENELEC HD 457

Color German abbreviations according to DIN 47002 Abbreviation according to DIN IEC 757
black SW BK
brown BR BN
red RT RD
orange OR OG
yellow GE YE
green GN GN
blue BL BU
violet VI VT
gray GR GY
white WS WH
pink RS PK
turquoise TK TQ
  • IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission

 

Core labeling based on DIN VDE 0293 Multi- and multi-core flexible cables

 

Number of cores Cables with green-yellow marked cores (-J) Cables without green-yellow marked cores (-0)
2 —– brown x blue
3 green-yellow x brown x blue black x blue x brown
4 green-yellow x black x blue x brown black x blue x brown x black
5 green-yellow x black x blue x brown x black black x blue x brown x black x black
6 and more green-yellow, other cores with printed numbers Cores with printed numbers according to section 5

Multicore and multicore cables and lines for fixed installation

Number of cores Cables with green-yellow marked cores (-J) Cables without green-yellow marked cores (-0)
2 green-yellow x black* black x blue
3 green-yellow x black x blue black x blue x brown
4 green-yellow x black x blue x brown black x blue x brown x black
5 green-yellow x black x blue x brown x black black x blue x brown x black x black
6 and more green-yellow, other cores with printed numbers Black cores with printed numbers
  • In accordance with VDE 0100 Part 540, Table 2, this version is only permissible for conductor cross-sections of 10 mm² Cu or 16 mm² Al.

 

Properties of insulation and sheathing materials

 

Thermal properties Mechan. Mechanical properties Electrical properties
Short sign Chemische
Bezeichnung		 VDE Ref. Density Continuous operating temperature Thermal overload capacity Melting/softening range Cold wrapping best. Hardness Tensile strength Tear- stretching spec. contact resistance
at 20°C 		Breakdown voltage Dielectric constant at 1 MHz 20°C
2000 h 3000 h according to VDE 240 h 20 h
g/cm3 from °C up to °C °C °C °C °C °C °C Shore A/D MPa % % Ohm x cm
Thermoplastics
1. PE-LD Polyethylene 2Y 0,92 – 50 70 95 70 100 110 105/115 – 50 D 43 -50 15 – 20 > 300 > 1016 70 2,3
1.1 PE-HD Polyethylene 2Y 0,94-0,96 – 50 90 110 90 110 120 > 125 – 50 D 56 -62 10 to 25 > 300 >1016 85 2,3
2. PA Polyamide 4Y 1,02 -1,1 – 60 90 125 90 120 150 180 – 250 – 50 D 40 -75 40 – 100 > 300 > 1012 30 3,5 – 7
3. PP Polypropylene 9Y 0,91 – 40 90 125 90 110 130 > 135 – 20 D 40 – 60 > 20 > 300 > 1016 75 2,3 – 2,5
4. PVC Polyvinyl chloride Y 1,35 -1,5 – 20 80 120 80 — — 140 – 200 – 10
to
– 40		 A 65 – D 50 10 to 25 > 150 1012 – 1015 25 3,5 – 7,0
5. PETP Polyethylene ter- ephthalate 12Y 1,4 – 100 130 150 — — — 250/225 — A 70-95 200 – 250 70 – 300 >1018 15 3,0 – 4,0
TPE ‘S
1. TPE-A Thermoplastic polyamide elastomer 4Y 0,90 -1,2 – 40 90 120 — — — 150 – 200. – 40 60A – 75D 21 – 51 >300 >109 30 7,3
2. TPE-U Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer 11Y 1,21 – 60 80 115 85 140 150 190 – 205 – 50 A75 – D65 20 – 55 >300 >1012 30 5,5 – 8,0
3. TPE-E Thermoplastic polyester elastomer 13Y12Y 0.90-1,20 – 70 115 130 115 150 160 180 – 230 – 50 D 40 – 78 > 25 >300 >1012 30 3,5 – 5,0
4TH TPE-S Thermoplastic styrene-ethene-butene-styrene copolymer 17Y 1,22 – 75 115 125 115 120 -140 140-170 >150 215 -235 A30 – D50 9 to 25 >300 >1013-1016 30 3,0 – 4,0
5. TPE-O Thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer 18Y 1,2 -1,4 – 50 90 120 100 120 -140 130 -150 > 135 -30 to-50 A47 – D 50 3 to 20 > 300 >1014 30 3

The information provided is for guidance only and must be checked on a case-by-case basis.

 

 

 

 

 

Fire properties Resistance to
Short sign Chemische
Bezeich-nung		 LOI Flame resistance low smoke corrosive gases halogen-free Oils Acid Chemicals Water intake Ozone Witte- rung General properties Application examples
Thermoplastics
1. PE-LD Polyethylene < 22 low to good j n j + + + 0,1 good good Weather resistance increases with molecular weight. Very low water absorption Data transmission, high-frequency and low-frequency cables. Sheath material for underground installation and ignition cables.
1.1 PE-HD Polyethylene < 22 low to good j n j + + + 0,1 good conditional see above see above
2. PA Polyamide < 22 low j n j + 0 + 1,0 – 1,5 good good hydroscopic, water absorption up to 8%, weather resistance can be increased by suitable pigmentation; high dimensional stability in heat, high damping capacity Protective sheathing of light wave conductors, in addition to core insulation or as an outer sheath for special designs, low-current cables (data transmission in filling stations, coiled connecting cables for semi-trailer trucks).
3. PP Polypropylene < 22 low to good j n j + + + 0,1 good good UV-resistant due to appropriate stabilization, less stress cracking than PE, somewhat stiff Heating cables, special cables and data cables
4. PVC Polyvinyl chloride 23 -30 low to good n j n + + 0 0,4 very good good Flexibility can be adjusted within wide limits, good colorability, also translucent to transparent. Resistant to the formation of stress cracks, good weather resistance. Switching wires and stranded wires (e.g. device wiring, Termi-Point technology), hose lines, low-frequency lines, high-current control lines, ribbon cables, sheathing forRG high-frequency lines, data transmission lines, automotive and ignition lines.
5. PETP Polyethylene ter- ephthalate 20-25 moderate j n j + 0 + 0,5 good good Low water absorption, low stress sensitivity Conductors with minimum insulation wall thicknesses. Electrical insulation foil
TPE’S
1. TPE-A Thermoplastic polyamide elastomer < 22 low j n n + 0 0 — moderate very good Water absorption up to 1.3% (saturation), flexibility and impact resistance at low temperatures, good behavior with regard to tear propagation resistance and abrasion, excellent tracking resistance and resistance to electrolytic corrosion. Outer sheath for special cables
2. TPE-U Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer < 30 low to good j n j + + + 1,5 good very good high flexibility at low temperatures, low water absorption, good cut resistance, high damping capacity, microbe-resistant Hose lines, power cables, as sheath material for special cables for high mechanical and chemical requirements (marine technology, vehicle technology, airfields, assembly halls)
3. TPE-E Thermoplastic polyester elastomer < 29 low to good j n j ++ ++ + 0,3 – 0,6 good very good hydrolysis-resistant even in hot water, swell-resistant in oils, solvents and hydraulic fluids Thin-walled core insulation for LF, vehicle and drag chain cables for the highest bending rates. Sheathed material and spiral cables
4TH TPE-S Thermoplastic styrene-ethylenebutene-styrene copolymer 22 -27 low n n j 0 ++ 0 1,0 – 2,0 moderate to good moderate high flexibility at low temperatures, low oil resistance and heat resistance, high damping capacity Insulation for switching wires and stranded wires
5. TPE-O Thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer < 25 low to good j n j + ++ 0 1,5 good very good hydrolysis-resistant, high flexibility even at low temperatures, high heat resistance. low density, excellent ozone resistance Sheath material for measuring and control lines in industrial plants

The information provided is for guidance only and must be checked on a case-by-case basis.

 

 

Thermal properties mechanical. Mechanical properties electrical properties
Short sign Chemische
Bezeichnung		 VDE Ref. Density Continuous operating temperature Thermal overload capacity Melting/softening range Cold wrapping best. Hardness Tensile strength Reiss-
dehnung		 spec.
Contact resistance at 20°C		 Breakdown voltage Dielectric constant at 1 MHz 20°C
2000 h 3000 h according to VDE 240 h 20 h
g/cm3 from °C up to °C °C °C °C °C °C Shore A/D MPa % Ohm x cm kV/mm
Fluoropolymers
1. PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride 10Y 1,7-1,9 – 100 135 150 — 160 160 170 – 180 – 65 D 75 – 80 > 20 > 100 >1014 25 7,0 – 10,6
2 ECTFE Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer — 1,68 – 100 135 150 — 200 230 265 – 285 – 65 D 75 – 80 > 30 > 150 >1015 39 2,5
3. ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer 7Y 1,6 – 1,8 – 100 135 180 135 200 250 265 – 285 – 65 D 70 – 75 > 30 > 150 >1016 36 2,3 – 2,6
4TH FEP Perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer 6Y 2,0 – 2,3 – 100 200 220 180 230 240 255 – 275 – 65 D 55 – 60 > 15 > 200 > 1018 25 2,1
5. PFA Perfluoroalkoxy tetrafluoroethylene copolymer 51Y 2,0 – 2,3 – 190 250 280 250 270 270 300-310 – 65 D 55 – 60 > 20 > 200 > 1017 25 2,1
6. PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene 5Y 2,0 – 2,3 – 190 260 300 260 300 310 320-330 – 65 D 55 – 60 > 20 > 200 1018 20 2
Special thermoplastics
1ST PEIC Polyimide-silicone copolymer 21Y 1,18 -40 125 150 130 140 160 > 170 -65 D 67 – 72 >25 >50 >1015 30 3 – 3,5 5
2. PEI Polyetherimide — 1,27 -40 150 170 150 180 200 > 250 -25 D 80 – 85 >20
3. PEEK Polyetheretherketone 20Y 1,32 -60 220 250 220 250 300 > 340 -50 D 80 – 90 >20 >50 >1018 20 3.0 – 3,5
4TH PI Polyimide 8Y 1,43 -190 220 260 260 1300 400 unschmelz-bar -65 D 80 – 90 >70 >50 >1017 28 3,5
Elastomers
1ST SIR Silicone-rubber mixtures 2G 1,2 – 1,3 – 50 180 230 200 220 240 networked – 65 A 40 – 80 6-10 >250 >1015 30 3,0 – 4,0
2. EPDM Ethylene-propylene terpolymer 3G 1,3-1,55 – 40 90 100 90 — — networked – 30
to
– 50		 A 43 – 90 5 – 25 200 -450 >1015 30 3,0 – 4,0
2.1 EPR Ethylene-propylene copolymer blends 3G 1,3-1,55 – 40 90 100 90 130 160 networked – 65 A 65 – 85 5- 10 > 200 1013 – 1015 30 3,0 – 5,0
2.2 H-EPR Hard grade ethylene-propylene copolymer blends 3G 1,3-1,55 — — — 90 130 160 networked – 45 A 85 – D 50 9 – 15 > 200 >1015 30 3,0 – 5,0
3. EVA (EVM) Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer blends 4G 1,3 – 1,5 – 40 120 150 90 160 180 networked – 50 A 70 – 90 5 – 15 > 200 1012 – 1014 30 4,0 – 7,0
4. CR Polychloroprene mixtures 5G 1,4-1,65 -40 90 120 90 120 140 networked – 30 A 55 10 – 20 > 250 1010 – 1011 20 6,0 – 9,0
4.1 CM Chlorinated polyethylene blends 5G — -40 — — 90 130 150 networked – 30 A 60 – 80 10 – 15 > 250 1011-1012 — 6,0 – 9,0
5TH CSM Chlorosulfonated polyethylene mixtures 6G 1,3 -1,6 – 50 100 130 90 130 150 networked – 40 A 60 – 80 10 – 20 > 250 >1013 20 8-10
6. HNBR Hydrierter
Nitrilkautschuk		 — 1,2 – 1,5 – 30 120 — — — — networked – 40 A 60 – 80 >15 300 — — —

 

 

Fire properties Resistance to
Short sign Chem ical
Designation		 LOI Flammability low smoke Corrosive gases halogen-free Oils Acids Che- mi- kali- en Water intake Ozone Witte-rung General properties Application examples
Fluoropolymers
1. PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride 40 -45 distinguished j j n ++ ++ + 0,01 very good very good high toughness at low temperatures, high temperature resistance Switching wires and stranded wires for computer wiring with wire wrap technology,
2 ECTFE Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer 60 – 65 distinguished j n n ++ ++ ++ 0,1 very good very good like ETFE, slightly stiffer Switching wires and switching contacts
3. ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer 30 – 32 distinguished j n n ++ ++ ++ 0,02 very good very good heat and radiation resistant, can be used outdoors, high mechan. High mechanical strength, low smoke development, slightly stiffer than PTFE Switching wires for wire-wrap technology and stranded wires for computer wiring, wire insulation for high-temperature control cables
4TH FEP Perfluoroethylene-propylene copolymer > 95 distinguished j n n ++ ++ ++ 0,01 very good very good High thermal resistance, self-extinguishing, low smoke development, low susceptibility to oxidation Switching wires, stranded wires, flat cables and high-voltage ignition cables for high temperature requirements; as sheathing for HF, control and special cables
5. PFA Perfluoroalkoxy- tetrafluoroethylene copolymer > 95 distinguished j j n ++ ++ ++ 0,01 very good very good Low smoke development, low susceptibility to oxidation Used like PTFE, but also as a jacket material for higher cross-sections and injection molded articles for the chemical industry
6. PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene > 95 distinguished j n n ++ ++ ++ 0,01 very good very good No stress cracking, non-flammable, low smoke development, very low coefficient of friction, tends to creep, low susceptibility to oxidation Switching wires and stranded wires for high temperature ranges, control cables, wire insulation for high-frequency cables, computer, aerospace industry
Special thermoplastics
1ST PEIC Polyimide-silicone copolymer 46 good j n j + 0 + — good good Low smoke development, no corrosive gases in case of fire. Thin-walled halogen-free insulation for power and control cables
2. PEI Polyetherimide 45 -50 good j n — + 0 + + 0,25 good good Low smoke development, no corrosive gases in case of fire, Thin-walled halogen-free insulation for measuring and control cables
3. PEEK Polyetheretherketone 35 very good j n j ++ ++ + 0,5 good good halogen-free, good hydrolysis resistance, low smoke and toxic gas development in case of fire, tough and abrasion-resistant up to high temperatures, Halogen-free wire insulation Heavy-duty single and multi-core special cables
Elastomers
1ST SIR Silicone-rubber mixtures 25 -30 very good j n j – 0 – 1 good good anti-adhesive, hydrophobic (water-repellent), very good flexibility excellent hot air resistance Core and sheathed cables for heavy-duty applications (engine and apparatus construction, rolling mills, foundries, smelting works), ignition cables
2. EPDM Ethylene-propylene terpolymer — low to good j n j – + + 0,02 good very good halogen-free, good ozone resistance, Flexible cables in the low and medium voltage range
2.1 EPR Ethylene-propylene copolymer blends < 22 low j n j – + 0 0,2 very good good Good electrical and dielectric properties, water and weather resistant Core insulation for hose lines, hawser and ship cables, heating cables, sheathing for flexible hose lines and submersible pump lines.
2.2H-EPR Hard grade ethylene-propylene copolymer blends < 22 low j n j + + 0 0,2 good good Good electrical and dielectric properties, water and weather resistant High-quality wire insulation with reduced wall thicknesses, e.g. ship cables
3. EVA (EVM) Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer blends <22 low j n j 0 + 0 0,1 good good halogen-free, no fire spread, low smoke gas density, ozone-resistant Core cable for higher thermal loads Heating cable
4. CR Polychloroprene mixtures 30 -34 very good n j n + ++ 0 1 (very) good (very) good Very good fire resistance, good ageing resistance, high mechanical strength Oil-resistant, flame-retardant rubber hose lines
4.1 CM Chlorinated polyethylene mixtures 26 – 34 good to very good n j n + + 0 0,1 (very) good very good Very good ageing resistance, hydrolysis-resistant Sheath for rubber hose lines
5TH CSM Chlorosulfonated polyethylene mixtures 30 -34 very good n j n + + ++ 1,5 good very good hydrolysis-resistant, good mechanical properties, low compression set, ozone-resistant Sheathing for hose lines, automotive ignition cables, special cables for offshore technology
6. HNBR Hydrogenated nitrile rubber — low to good j n j + + + — — — — —

 

 

Abbreviation for harmonized cables

 

 

Abbreviations for insulating and sheathing materials

 

according to VDE 0207 or DIN 76722

DIN/VDE-

abbreviation

 HAR symbol Description
Cores Jacket
Y V V PVC Polyvinyl chloride
Yw V2 V2 PVC heat-resistant polyvinyl chloride (+90°C or +105°C)
Yk: V3 V3 PVC cold-resistant polyvinyl chloride (-40°C)
X V4 V4 xPVC cross-linked polyvinyl chloride
Yö V5 V5 öPVC oil-resistantPVC
2X Z X VPE cross-linked polyethylene
2Y E PE Polyethylene as LDPE or HDPE(Low/High Density)
3Y Q3 Q3 PS Polystyrene
4Y Q4 Q4 PA Polyamide
5Y E4 PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene such as Teflon®.
6Y E5 FEP Perfluoroethylene propylene
7Y E6 ETFE Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene such as Tefzel®
9Y E7 PP Polypropylene
10Y Q6 PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride such as Kynar® or Dyflor®
11Y Q PUR Polyurethane
12Y TPE-E Polyeste elastomer e.g. Hytrel®
13Y TPE Polyester elastomer
18Y TPE-O Polyolefin elastomer
31Y TPE-S Polystyrene elastomer
41Y TPE-A Polyamide elastomer
91Y TPE-O Polyolefin elastomer
G R R NR/NRB Natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (Gummmi)
2G SIR Silicone rubber
GL Glass fiber or glass fiber braid, (silicone varnish)
T T Textile braiding
T T2 .. T6 Textile braiding and layers, from banding to fire-retardant impregnated
3G B B EPR Ethylene-propylene polymers
4G G B2 EVA Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
5G N2 N CR Polychloroprene compound
N2 CR Polychloroprene compound for welding pipes
N4 CR Polychloroprene compound heat resistant
N8 Special polychloroprene mixture water-resistant
6G N4 CSM chlorosulfonated polyethylene compound e.g. Hypalon®
7G N6 N6 FKM Fluoroelastomer e.g. Viton®
H XPE non-crosslinked halogen-free polymer blend
HX HXPE cross-linked halogen-free polymer blend

 

Shielding and armoring

  • Shielding is the term used to describe an electrically conductive enclosure around a core/strand system with the aim of preventing electrical interference fields or
  • Armoring is the term used to describe an enclosure around a core/stranding assembly or an entire cable with the aim of protecting it from mechanical and/or chemical influences.

 

Abbreviation Structure Abbreviation Description Properties
C Braid of copper wires Conductive copper wires that are braided and achieve an optical coverage of 75 – 85% depending on the braiding density Cable remains flexible and can be moved in any direction without restricting the electrical shielding.
S Steel wire braid Conductive steel wires that are braided and, depending on the braiding density, achieve an optical coverage of 75 – 85% Can be used both as mechanical protection and as shielding – but here more against magnetic than electromagnetic fields.
D Laying with parallel copper wires Spiral routing with parallel copper wires, which enables an optical

coverage of almost 100%

 Very flexible, the high shielding rate only applies if the cable is not moved or only moved slightly
F or (ST) Copper or aluminum vapor-deposited foil A plastic foil is vaporized with aluminium or copper, which enables almost 100% electrical shielding Inflexible, but best electrical properties – Mainly used for data cables and network cables

 

In addition to those mentioned above, there are many other reinforcement options that are used in the area of signal and railroad cables, e.g. steel tape reinforcement, aluminum tape armoring, lead sheathing, non-metallic rodent protection – e.g. Kevlar fibers.

 

 

Conversion of British and American mass and units

 

Lengths 1 inch = 25.4 mm 1 foot = 0.3048 m 1 yard = 0.9144 m 1 statute mile (land mile) = 1609.341 m 1 nautical mile (sea mile) = 1853.181 m 1 cm = 0.3937 inches 1 m = 39.37 inches

 

Area 1 square inch = 6.4516 cm² 1 square foot = 0.0929 m² 1 square yard = 0.8361 m² 1 acre = 4047 m² 1 square mile = 2.5899 km² 1 cm² = 0.155 sq. in. 1 m² = 10.764 sq. ft.

 

Volume 1 cu. inch = 16.387 cm³ 1 cu. foot = 28.3167 dm³ 1 cu. yard = 0.764551 m³ 1 gallon (US) = 3.78540 1 gallon (Brit.) = 4.546 l 1 quart (US) = 0.946 l 1 barrel (US) = 158.8 l 1 m³ = 35.3148 cu. ft. 1 dm³ = 61.0239 cu. in.

 

Weights 1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 p 1 pound (lb) = 0.4536 kp 1 quarter = 12.7 kp 1 hundredweight (centweight; cwt) = 50.802 kp 1 kp = 2.2046 lbs. = 35.274 oz.

 

Temperature

°C (Celsius) = 0.5556 * (F-32) °F (Fahrenheit) = 1.8*C+32

 

Performance

1 hp = 0.736 kW 1 hp = 1.014 PS = 0.7453 kW 1 kW = 1.36 PS = 1.31 hp

 

 

Useful conversion factors

 

from in factor
meters to inches 39.7
meters to feet 3.28
meters to centimeters 100.00
meters to millimeters 1000.0
kilometers to meters 1000.00
inches to millimeters 25.40
sweeps to millimeters 304.80
yards to millimeters 914.40
miles to kilometers 1.61
pounds to grams 453.6
grams to pounds 0.0022
mm 2 CMA 1973

 

from in factor
inches to meters 0.0254
feet to meters 0.305
centimeters to meters 0.01
millimeters to meters 0.001
meters to kilometers 0.001
millimeters to inches 0.0394
millimeters to feet 0.00328
millimeters to yards 0.00109
kilometers to miles 0.6214
grams to pounds 2.205 x 103
pounds to grams 453.600

 

 

Temperature conversion table Celsius/Fahrenheit

 

– Search for the desired temperature value in the bold column: the column on the left converts the value into Celsius – the column on the right shows the desired value expressed in Fahrenheit. Example: < 15

>

15 °F correspond to – 9.44 °C 15 °C correspond to 59.0 °F

 

°C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F
– 40,0 -40 – 40 2,22 36 96,8 24,4 76 168,8 82,2 180 356 190,6 375 707
– 34,4 -30 – 22 2,78 37 98,6 25,0 77 170,6 85,0 185 365 193,4 380 716
– 28,9 -20 – 4 3,33 38 100,4 25,6 78 172,4 87,8 190 374 196,1 385 725
– 23,3 -10 14 3,89 39 102,2 26,1 79 174,2 90,6 195 383 198,9 390 734
– 17,8 0 32 4,44 40 104,0 26,7 80 176,0 93,3 200 392 201,7 395 743
– 17,2 1 33,8 5,00 41 105,8 27,2 81 177,8 96,1 205 401 204,4 400 752
– 16,7 2 35,6 5,56 42 107,6 27,8 82 179,6 98,9 210 410 207,2 405 761
– 16,1 3 37,4 6,11 43 109,4 28,3 83 181,4 100,0 212 413 210,0 410 770
– 15,6 4 39,2 6,67 44 111,2 28,9 84 183,2 101,7 215 419 212,8 415 779
– 15,0 5 41,0 7,22 45 113,0 29,4 85 185,0 104,4 220 428 215,6 420 788
– 14,4 6 42,8 7,78 46 114,8 30,0 86 186,8 107,2 225 437 218,4 425 797
– 13,9 7 44,6 8,33 47 116,6 30,6 87 188,6 110,0 230 446 221,1 430 806
– 13,3 8 46,4 8,89 48 118,4 31,1 88 190,4 112,8 235 455 224,0 435 815
– 12,8 9 48,2 9,44 49 120,2 31,7 89 192,2 115,6 240 464 226,7 440 824
– 12,2 10 50,0 10,0 50 122,0 32,2 90 194,0 118,3 245 473 229,5 445 833
– 11,7 11 51,8 10,6 51 123,8 32,8 91 195,8 121,1 250 482 232,2 450 842
– 11,1 12 53,6 11,1 52 125,6 33,3 92 197,6 123,9 255 491 235,0 455 851
– 10,6 13 55,4 11,7 53 127,4 33,9 93 199,4 126,7 260 500 237,8 460 860
– 10,0 14 57,2 12,2 54 129,2 34,4 94 201,2 129,4 265 509 240,5 465 869
– 9,44 15 59,0 12,8 55 131,0 35,0 95 203,0 132,2 270 518 243,3 470 878
– 8,89 16 60,8 13,3 56 132,8 35,6 96 204,8 135,0 275 527 248,9 480 896
– 8,33 17 62,6 13,9 57 134,6 36,1 97 206,6 137,8 280 536 254,4 490 914
– 7,78 18 64,4 14,4 58 136,4 36,7 98 208,4 140,6 285 545 260,0 500 932
– 7,22 19 66,2 15,0 59 138,2 37,2 99 210,2 143,3 290 554 268,6 510 950
– 6,67 20 68,0 15,6 60 140,0 37,8 100 212,0 146,1 295 563 271,1 520 968
– 6,11 21 69,8 16,1 61 141,8 40,6 105 221,0 148,9 300 572 276,7 530 986
– 5,56 22 71,6 16,7 62 143,6 43,3 110 230 151,7 305 581 282,2 540 1004
– 5,00 23 73,4 17,2 63 145,4 46,1 115 239 154,4 310 590 287,8 550 1022
– 4,44 24 75,2 17,8 64 147,2 48,9 120 248 157,2 315 599 293,3 560 1040
– 3,89 25 77,0 18,3 65 149,0 51,7 125 257 160,0 320 608 298,9 570 1058
– 3,33 26 78,8 18,9 66 150,8 54,5 130 266 162,8 325 617 304,4 580 1076
– 2,78 27 80,6 19,4 67 152,6 57,2 135 275 165,6 330 626 310,0 590 1094
– 2,22 28 82,4 20,0 68 154,4 60,0 140 284 168,3 335 635 315,6 600 1112
– 1,67 29 84,2 20,6 69 156,2 62,8 145 293 171,1 340 644 321,1 610 1130
– 1,11 30 86,0 21,1 70 158,0 65,6 150 302 173,9 345 653 326,7 620 1148
– 0,56 31 87,8 21,7 71 159,8 68,3 155 311 176,7 350 662 332,2 630 1166
0 32 89,6 22,2 72 161,6 71,1 160 320 179,4 355 671 337,8 640 1184
0,56 33 91,4 22,8 73 163,4 73,9 165 329 182,2 360 680 343,3 650 1202
1,11 34 93,2 23,3 74 165,2 76,7 170 338 185,0 365 689 371,1 700 1292
1,67 35 95,0 23,9 75 167,0 79,4 175 347 187,8 370 698

 

 

Current carrying capacity

 

according to VDE 0100 Part 523

In addition to the ambient temperature, a number of other influencing factors are important when determining the load currents. Particular attention must be paid to the type of installation and the environment, the fuse protection (overvoltage protection) and the appropriate selection of insulation and sheath materials. Table 1 contains an excerpt from VDE 0100 Part 523 on the current load of cables at an ambient temperature of 30 °C.

 

Table 2 shows the percentage of current-carrying capacity at ambient temperatures up to 175 °C.

 

Conductors of insulated wires and cables must not be continuously loaded with more than the currents specified in the following tables, whereby the following groups must be distinguished:

 

Group 1: One or more single-core cables laid in conduit Group 2: Multi-core cables, e.g. sheathed cables, stay cables, movable cables Group 3: Single-core cables and cables laid freely in the air, with a gap between them at least equal to their diameter

 

Current-carrying capacity /z of insulated cables and cables not laid in the ground at an ambient temperature of 30 °C.
Table 1
Nominal cross-section mm2 Group 1 Cu conductor
[A]		 Group 2 Cu conductor
[A]		 Group 3 Cu conductor
[A]
0,75 —– 12 15
1 11 15 19
1,5 15 18 24
2,5 20 26 32
4 25 34 42
6 33 44 54
10 45 61 73
16 61 82 98
25 83 108 129
35 103 135 158
50 132 168 198
70 165 207 245
95 197 250 292
120 235 292 344
150 —– 335 391
185 —– 382 448
240 —– 453 528
300 —– 504 608
400 —– —– 726
500 —– —– 830
0,75 —– 12 15

 

Current-carrying capacity /z of cables with increased heat resistance Ambient temperatures above 55 °C
Table 2
Ambient temperature in °C
for cables with		 Current-carrying capacity /z in % of the values in Table 1
Permissible conductor
temperature 100 °C		 Permissible conductor
temperature 180 °C
over 55 to 65 over 55 to 145 100
over 65 to 70 over 145 to 150 92
over 70 to 75 over 150 to 155 85
over 75 to 80 over 155 to 160 75
over 80 to 85 over 160 to 165 65
over 85 to 90 over 165 to 170 53
over 90 to 95 over 170 to 175 38
over 55 to 65 over 55 to 145 100
over 65 to 70 over 145 to 150 92
over 70 to 75 over 150 to 155 85

 

 

Heat resistance classes

 

according to VDE 0530

Class Insulating material Impregnating agent Max. permissible continuous temperature Insulation & jacket material
Y Cotton, artificial and natural silk, polyamide fiber, paper, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), vulk. natural rubber — 90 °C PVC, PE, CSM, HDPE, LDPE, PA
A Cotton, artificial and natural silk, polyamide, paper, lacquer-treated textiles, polyester resins Asphalt varnishes, synthetic resin varnishes, insulating oil and synthetic dielectric fluids 105 °C TPE
E special wire enamels, special plastic films, press compounds with cellulose, fillers, paper and cotton laminates Synthetic resin coatings, polyester resins, each with a permissible continuous temperature of ³ 120 °C 120 °C EVM, PP
B Glass fiber, mica products, special plastic films, pressed parts with mineral fillers as under E, but ³ 130 °C Epoxy resins 130 °C PETP, STP
F Glass fiber, mica products, aromat. Polyamide, lacquer-treated glass fiber textiles, lacquer-treated asbestos Resins with max. permissible continuous temperature of ³ 155 °C 155 °C ETFE
H Glass fiber, mica products,

aromat. Polyamide, silicone rubber, polyimide film, PTFE

 Silicone resins with max. permissible continuous temperature of ³ 180 °C 180 °C Silicone, PTFE FEP
C Mica, porcelain,

glass, quartz and similar refractory materials

 as under H, but ³ 225 °C above 180 °C PTFE, PFA, PI/F,

Glass silk, FEP, mica, FPM, ceramics

 

 

Continuous temperatures for conductors and materials for Teflon cables according to VDE

 

Continuous temperature (25,000 h) Conductor Insulation
130 °C Bare copper
150 °C Tinned copper ETFE
180 °C Tinned copper
200 °C Silver-plated copper without insulation
200 °C Silver-plated copper FEP
260 °C Nickel-plated copper PTFE/PFA
300 °C Nickel-plated copper
400 °C Silver-plated copper without insulation
600 °C Pure nickel

 

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